Lab sheet 6

1 Maxima and minima

Exercise 1.1
--> y : x ^ n · exp ( x ) ;

\[\operatorname{(y) }{{x}^{n}} {{\% e}^{-x}}\]

--> dy : factor ( diff ( y , x ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(dy) }-{{x}^{n-1}} \left( x-n\right) {{\% e}^{-x}}\]

--> wxplot2d ( makelist ( subst ( n = i , y ) , i , 1 , 4 ) , [ x , 0 , 10 ] , [ legend , false ] ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\]

 (Graphics)

\[\operatorname{ }\]

--> sol : solve ( dy = 0 , x ) ;

\[\operatorname{(sol) }[x=n,x=0]\]

--> subst ( sol [ 1 ] , y ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }{{n}^{n}} {{\% e}^{-n}}\]

--> kill ( y , dy , sol ) $
Exercise 1.2
--> p ( x ) : = 10 · x ^ 6 + 156 · x ^ 5 945 · x ^ 4 + 2780 · x ^ 3 4080 · x ^ 2 + 2880 · x ;

\[\operatorname{ }\operatorname{p}(x):=\left( -10\right) {{x}^{6}}+156 {{x}^{5}}+\left( -945\right) {{x}^{4}}+2780 {{x}^{3}}+\left( -4080\right) {{x}^{2}}+2880 x\]

--> wxplot2d ( p ( x ) , [ x , 0 . 1 , 5 . 3 ] ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\]

 (Graphics)

\[\operatorname{ }\]

--> sols : sort ( solve ( diff ( p ( x ) , x ) ) , lambda ( [ e1 , e2 ] , rhs ( e1 ) < rhs ( e2 ) ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(sols) }[x=1,x=3,x=4]\]

--> map ( lambda ( [ e ] , subst ( e , [ x , p ( x ) , diff ( p ( x ) , x , 2 ) ] ) ) , sols ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }[[1,781,0],[3,1053,-240],[4,1024,0]]\]

--> kill ( p ) $

2 Implicit derivatives

Exercise 2.1
--> u : x · sin ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) y · cos ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) ;

\[\operatorname{(u) }x \sin{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }-y \cos{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }\]

--> wxdraw ( gr2d ( proportional_axes = xy , implicit ( u = 0 , x , 5 , 5 , y , 5 , 5 ) ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\]

 (Graphics)

\[\operatorname{ }\]

--> slope1 : diff ( u , x ) / diff ( u , y ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope1) }\frac{-2 x y \sin{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }-\sin{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }-2 {{x}^{2}} \cos{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }}{2 {{y}^{2}} \sin{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }+2 x y \cos{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }-\cos{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }}\]

--> slope1 : factor ( subst ( cos ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) = x / y · sin ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) , slope1 ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope1) }-\frac{2 x {{y}^{2}}+y+2 {{x}^{3}}}{2 {{y}^{3}}+2 {{x}^{2}} y-x}\]

--> xt : t · cos ( t ^ 2 ) ; yt : t · sin ( t ^ 2 ) ;

\[\operatorname{(xt) }t \cos{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }\]

\[\operatorname{(yt) }t \sin{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }\]

--> trigsimp ( subst ( [ x = xt , y = yt ] , u ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }0\]

--> wxdraw2d ( nticks = 500 , proportional_axes = xy , parametric ( xt , yt , t , 5 , 5 ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\]

 (Graphics)

\[\operatorname{ }\]

--> slope2 : diff ( yt , t ) / diff ( xt , t ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope2) }\frac{\sin{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }+2 {{t}^{2}} \cos{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }}{\cos{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }-2 {{t}^{2}} \sin{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }}\]

--> slope1t : factor ( trigsimp ( subst ( [ x = xt , y = yt ] , slope1 ) ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope1t) }-\frac{\sin{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }+2 {{t}^{2}} \cos{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }}{2 {{t}^{2}} \sin{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }-\cos{\left( {{t}^{2}}\right) }}\]

--> trigsimp ( factor ( slope2 slope1t ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }0\]

--> kill ( u , xt , yt , slope1 , slope1t , slope2 ) $
Exercise 2.2
--> u : ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) ^ 2 + 85 · ( x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 ) 500 + 18 · x · ( 3 · y ^ 2 x ^ 2 ) ;

\[\operatorname{(u) }{{\left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) }^{2}}+18 x\, \left( 3 {{y}^{2}}-{{x}^{2}}\right) +85 \left( {{y}^{2}}+{{x}^{2}}\right) -500\]

--> slope1 : factor ( diff ( u , x ) / diff ( u , y ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope1) }-\frac{2 x {{y}^{2}}+27 {{y}^{2}}+2 {{x}^{3}}-27 {{x}^{2}}+85 x}{y\, \left( 2 {{y}^{2}}+2 {{x}^{2}}+54 x+85\right) }\]

--> xt : 6 · cos ( t ) + 8 · cos ( t ) ^ 2 4 ;
yt : 2 · sin ( t ) · ( 3 4 · cos ( t ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(xt) }8 {{\cos{(t)}}^{2}}+6 \cos{(t)}-4\]

\[\operatorname{(yt) }2 \left( 3-4 \cos{(t)}\right) \sin{(t)}\]

--> wxdraw2d (
   nticks = 500 ,
   proportional_axes = xy ,
   xtics = false , ytics = false ,
   axis_top = false , axis_bottom = false , axis_left = false , axis_right = false ,
   parametric ( xt , yt , t , 0 , 2 · %pi ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\]

 (Graphics)

\[\operatorname{ }\]

--> slope1t : factor ( trigsimp ( subst ( [ x = xt , y = yt ] , slope1 ) ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope1t) }\frac{8 {{\cos{(t)}}^{2}}-3 \cos{(t)}-4}{\left( 8 \cos{(t)}+3\right) \sin{(t)}}\]

--> slope2 : factor ( trigsimp ( diff ( yt , t ) / diff ( xt , t ) ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{(slope2) }\frac{8 {{\cos{(t)}}^{2}}-3 \cos{(t)}-4}{\left( 8 \cos{(t)}+3\right) \sin{(t)}}\]

--> slope1t slope2 ;

\[\operatorname{ }0\]

--> kill ( u , xt , yt , slope1 , slope1t , slope2 ) $

3 Higher derivatives

Exercise 3.1
--> r ( n ) : = diff ( x ^ n · log ( x ) / n ! , x , n ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\operatorname{r}(n):=\frac{{{d}^{n}}}{d {{x}^{n}}} \frac{{{x}^{n}} \log{(x)}}{n!}\]

--> makelist ( r ( n ) , n , 1 , 10 ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }[\log{(x)}+1,\log{(x)}+\frac{3}{2},\log{(x)}+\frac{11}{6},\log{(x)}+\frac{25}{12},\log{(x)}+\frac{137}{60},\log{(x)}+\frac{49}{20},\log{(x)}+\frac{363}{140},\log{(x)}+\frac{761}{280},\log{(x)}+\frac{7129}{2520},\log{(x)}+\frac{7381}{2520}]\]

--> makelist ( [ n , r ( n ) r ( n 1 ) ] , n , 2 , 10 ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }[[2,\frac{1}{2}],[3,\frac{1}{3}],[4,\frac{1}{4}],[5,\frac{1}{5}],[6,\frac{1}{6}],[7,\frac{1}{7}],[8,\frac{1}{8}],[9,\frac{1}{9}],[10,\frac{1}{10}]]\]

--> r1 ( n ) : = log ( x ) + sum ( 1 / k , k , 1 , n ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\operatorname{r1}(n):=\log{(x)}+\sum_{k=1}^{n}{\left. \frac{1}{k}\right.}\]

--> makelist ( r ( n ) r1 ( n ) , n , 1 , 20 ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\]

--> kill ( r , r1 ) $
Exercise 3.2
--> y : t ^ 2 · exp ( t ) ;

\[\operatorname{(y) }{{t}^{2}} {{\% e}^{t}}\]

--> z : factor ( diff ( y , t , 3 ) + a · diff ( y , t , 2 ) + b · diff ( y , t , 1 ) + c · y ) ;

\[\operatorname{(z) }\left( c {{t}^{2}}+b {{t}^{2}}+a {{t}^{2}}+{{t}^{2}}+2 b t+4 a t+6 t+2 a+6\right) {{\% e}^{t}}\]

--> sol : solve ( makelist ( coeff ( expand ( z / exp ( t ) ) , t , i ) , i , 0 , 2 ) ) [ 1 ] ;

\[\operatorname{(sol) }[c=-1,b=3,a=-3]\]

--> kill ( y , z , sol ) $
Exercise 3.3
--> p ( n ) : = expand ( exp ( x ^ 2 ) · diff ( exp ( x ^ 2 ) , x , n ) ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }\operatorname{p}(n):=\operatorname{expand}\left( \operatorname{exp}\left( {{x}^{2}}\right) \left( \frac{{{d}^{n}}}{d {{x}^{n}}} \operatorname{exp}\left( -{{x}^{2}}\right) \right) \right) \]

--> for i from 0 thru 10 do print ( p ( i ) ) ;

\[\]\[1" " \]\[-2 x" " \]\[4 {{x}^{2}}-2" " \]\[12 x-8 {{x}^{3}}" " \]\[16 {{x}^{4}}-48 {{x}^{2}}+12" " \]\[-32 {{x}^{5}}+160 {{x}^{3}}-120 x" " \]\[64 {{x}^{6}}-480 {{x}^{4}}+720 {{x}^{2}}-120" " \]\[-128 {{x}^{7}}+1344 {{x}^{5}}-3360 {{x}^{3}}+1680 x" " \]\[256 {{x}^{8}}-3584 {{x}^{6}}+13440 {{x}^{4}}-13440 {{x}^{2}}+1680" " \]\[-512 {{x}^{9}}+9216 {{x}^{7}}-48384 {{x}^{5}}+80640 {{x}^{3}}-30240 x" " \]\[1024 {{x}^{10}}-23040 {{x}^{8}}+161280 {{x}^{6}}-403200 {{x}^{4}}+302400 {{x}^{2}}-30240" "\]

\[\operatorname{ }\ensuremath{\mathrm{done}}\]

--> load ( "orthopoly" ) $
--> makelist ( factor ( ( 1 ) ^ n · p ( n ) / hermite ( n , x ) ) , n , 1 , 10 ) ;

\[\operatorname{ }[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]\]


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